The Theory Behind The Low Carb Diet: A Quick Study

Our society has become overrun with fast food restaurants, microwave dinners, and unhealthy eating habits.  It’s no wonder obesity and other health issues have become a scary reality for many people.  All this bad news has us looking for the perfect diet to live a healthier lifestyle and lose that excess weight. 

There is a ton of information surrounding any type of diet, but it seems the low carb diet has more than its fair share of confusion.  When it comes right down to it for any diet program, we just want to know if it works.  But, knowing HOW a diet works will help us decide if it's the right diet for our needs. 

Example of a low-carb meal (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Why has there been so much hype behind the low carb diet?  When we hear the term 'low carb diet' we may think 'Atkins' or 'South Beach.'  But even low carb diets differ.  Many of us have moved away from the old  low-fat, calorie-counting diets of the 80's and embraced these newer low carb diets, and I might say with great weight loss success.  But, will a low carb diet work long-term?  And, is it truly healthy and safe?  To answer these questions, we need more information.  Let's take a look at a few basic theories of the low carb diet:

1. Carbohydrates are a source of fuel, producing energy for our bodies to run on.  When we reduce the amount of carbs we take in on a daily basis, it is believed that the body will start burning fat as the main source of energy instead.

We are required to eliminate 'bad carbs' from our diet when following a low carb diet.  All foods with added sugars and empty calories are no longer permitted.  It makes sense that we are going to lose some weight due to just these simple changes in our eating habits. 

2. Proteins and fats tend to make us feel fuller for a longer period of time.  Thus, we should be able to avoid overeating and snacking between meals because we feel satisfied and do not crave more food.

3. A low carb plan is easier to stick to than some other diets out there.  A dieter is going to track carbs rather than fat intake and calories.  Foods that are higher in fat and calories are often okay as long as the total carbs remain low.  For this reason, we can still enjoy some of our favorite foods on this diet without feeling like we are cheating.

The low carb diet idea has been around for several years, and there has been much debate on whether the long-term effects are good or bad.   If you do any type of research, you will find success stories, but also concerns about heart and kidney problems, nutritional imbalance, and a multitude of other issues.  Before beginning any diet, take the necessary steps to become familiar with all aspects of it.  Consult your doctor and see if this plan fits your particular situation.

Remember to use common sense when dieting.  This may seem so simple, but many people who have weight or health issues can get excited about finally finding the right diet.  Then they go overboard and remove many necessary nutrients from their diet in hopes of losing weight.  No matter how many debates, studies, or theories arise from research, the key is to know your own body and determine what is right for your own health and fitness.  And remember to consult your health care professional before beginning any diet program.

The Basics of Low Carb Diet Lingo

In order to understand today's diet talk, you have to understand the phrase low-carb.  Even though these types of diets have been around for a long, long time, there seems to be a new interest of late.  It could be due to new books coming out, or possibly revised editions of popular diet books from years past.  Whatever the reason, low carb, slow carb, or low glycemic diets are getting a lot of attention.  Let's take a look at the basics of what a low carb diet looks like, and familiarize ourselves with some of the related terms.

Low Carb v. Slow Carb

Raw vegetables and dips (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Even though the most popular diets include one or the other term, you can use them interchangeably, to some degree.  Even the lowest of low-carb diet phases includes some carbs in the form of vegetables, typically.  As a matter of fact, a certain portion of carbs must come from vegetables, with no exception. No respectable weight-loss program can truly support an absolutely carb-free diet.  Carbohydrates are essential for a healthy body, even during weight-loss.

Slow-carb is just another way of saying that you need to ingest carbs that are slow burning, such as vegetables, and even some fruit.  Fast burning carbs would include processed breads and pastas, for instance.  These are the carbs that give a quick sugar boost, then drop just as quickly.

Not all carbs, even slow burning carbs, are created equal.  Some low or slow carb diets recommend staying away from some vegetables they consider high in sugar, such as corn or peas, especially during the first phases. The same is true for dried beans and other protein rich foods that also are considered higher in carbs.

When comparing lists of acceptable foods on any low carb diet, you'll see differences.  You'll also see differences in what levels of carbs are going to result in weight loss, and where those carbs should come from.  In some diets, even slow burning carbs like dried beans are forbidden in the first phases.  In other diets, all carbs, as long as they are slow burning carbs, are just fine.

This is not simple, but it is all a matter of opinion, personal preference, and what works for you.  If you've been on a diet that includes such slow burning carbs as brown rice, black beans, and quinoa, and haven't seen any results, this diet may not be for you.  Individuals process carbs differently.  Simply following a diet according to a low-glycemic index (the amount of carbs in a food) may not be what you need to lose weight, or it may be, but it's a good way to start understanding how your body processes carbohydrates.

The Protein Process

Years ago, people were going on all sorts of vegetable and fruit only diets. Then there were the whole grain diets.  None of those diets are part of our common vernacular today, but the diets that are high in protein and low in fast-burning carbs are.  Protein is essential for building muscle, which burns fat, and keeps us strong.  Protein is a building block, just like other nutrients we know to be essential. 

No matter which diet you follow today, if it includes a balanced approach to good sources of protein and carbohydrates, it is most likely a respectable weight-loss program.  Human beings cannot live on protein alone, nor does any proper diet developed by a health professional suggest otherwise. There was, actually, a myth around high protein, low carb diets for years.  Nowhere in the mainstream market of dieting did a protein-only method for weight-loss exist.  Even one of the most popular diets for decades that suggested adding more servings of proteins at every meal, actually formed the basis of their diet on ingesting more vegetables than protein. People could get seriously ill, even fatally ill, by eating only protein, and this approach was never approved or suggested by any mainstream diet.

(Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Eating a diet that's rich in protein is not difficult for the most part.  Protein from many sources, including dairy products, eggs, cheese, meat, poultry, and seafood is suggested in most low-carb diets. Because most proteins are also low carb, or no carb, it makes sense to eat a lot of these foods when on a low-carb diet.  And because it's more difficult to over-indulge in protein, it's a safe bet that you will practice portion control more easily.  It's rare to see a person eat a whole roasted chicken, but a huge plate of pasta can disappear quite easily at one sitting. The diet systems may vary in exactly how much and which sources you should get the majority of your protein, but most well-respected diets include a good portion of protein each day, balanced with a variety of healthy carbs.

The Fat Fact

This seems to be where the division lies in many low-carb diets.  Some diet plans say simply that you can't get “fat from fat.”  Other diet plans are so concerned with fat intake that they allow more carbohydrates if it means avoiding fat, as is the case with most 'lite' foods.  If you check the labels, you'll often find that “low fat,” “reduced fat,” and “light or lite” means added sugars to tweak the flavor. 

The reason is simple; fat is flavor.  That's why some mainstream low-carb diets recommend eating regular, full fat foods, such as regular mayonnaise, sour cream, and even whole milk or heavy cream.  While other low-carb diets have fats restricted by eating only fat-reduced dairy, dressings, etc.

The debate over fat is not easily settled.  Fat is essential to your body's health, and particularly to your brain.  Fat gives food flavor.  Fat also makes you feel full.  Without fat in your diet, your body will suffer.  However, it's also important to remember that it's the type of fat you eat that matters.  Fat that naturally occurs in nuts and avocados, for instance, are considered by most diets as essential elements.  Added fats for cooking and serving foods, such as olive oil, are often included in healthy fats, but not in all stages of all diets.  It all depends on which diet you're following.  Clear as mud, right?

So what is the truth?  Should you eat whole grains and black beans on a low carb diet or stick to celery and broccoli?  How much protein is enough protein?  Should you eat eggs fried in olive oil or poached in water?  Are fats good or bad for you? 

The fact is, the answer is different for different people.  Some people respond very well to a high protein diet with added fat, while others simply don't.  Some people lose weight eating a diet that's rich in whole grains, while other people gain weight.  The best thing anyone can do is get all the information, then use your own common sense to decide what works for you.  Keep a journal as you add and subtract foods from your diet, then do what works best for you. I know that may not be the clear-cut answer you were looking for, but the truth is, every body simply functions slightly differently, and there really isn't one "magic pill" for everyone when it comes to health & nutrition, or even weight-loss.